Classroom Disruptions: Causes, Effects, and Strategies for Tackling Disruptive Behaviour

Azhar Khan

Classroom settings and disruptive behaviour are critical topics in society today because of the growing concerns of bullying related suicides, enhancement of electronic and social media use, and mental health and cultural issues. While disruptive behaviour may seem insignificant for some, many times there are serious underlying issues that need to be addressed. In this paper we will discuss different types of disruptive behaviours in the classroom setting and explore key reasons behind such behaviours.

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Cooperative Learning Approaches Affecting Student Academic Performance at University Level

Adina Shahzad, Amjad Reba, Laila

This suggests studying of students cooperative learning affecting their academic performance at university level. The study explores the effect of cooperative learning on academic performance of students. The study was limited to only Department of Education University of Okara. Questionnaire comprising of 4 questions and liker scale was used in questionnaire. The collected data was then tabulated and analyzed through percentage method. Finding of the study shows that majority of the respondents agreed that role of cooperative learning plays an important role in their academic achievement and help to communicate with others. A significant number of students respondent agreed that cooperative learning develops the sense of sharing knowledge. It is recommended that the department could put more emphasis on promoting cooperative learning because it has been shown to have numerous benefits, including improvements in achievement, performance, and class participation.

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Establish the Enrollment Trend of the 4^th Grade in District Muzaffarabad

Nafeesa Mir Zaman, Amjad Reba

This study aimed to describe the enrollment trend to 4th grade students of selected public schools of city Muzaffarabad. For this purpose, researcher had selected 6 public schools through simple random sampling. A questionnaire containing different sections entitled as enrollment trends, school attendance on daily basis and education was designed to collect the data from different schools. This study revealed many important aspects that are necessary to be addressed in the public schools of district Muzaffarabad. The present study also yielded different ways for further research. This study also examined that there is low enrollment of the students at the 4th grade in the public schools of the district Muzaffarabad. It is recommended that the stakeholders should provide all the necessities to government schools that are essential for the formal and modern education. There should be a focus on the improvement of the public schools and parents should be engaged in the educational setup so that they can identify their children interests and abilities to perform better in their academic life. Because of the benefits students’ enrollment and attendance rates are high then the public school.

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Impact of Corporal Punishment on the Academic Achievement of Students

Zubaida, Amjad Reba

Corporal punishment is physical punishment. It is a punishment in which physical force is intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort. It includes hitting the children with hand or with a cane, strip or with any other object, kicking, shaking, or throwing children, scratching, pinching, pulling their ears and their hairs etc. Thus, it is the harmful form of punishment which discourages the children. The study was conducted in District Chitral. Data was collected from 100 respondents of primary school students using random sampling technique through proportional allocation method using interview schedule. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. It is an essential strategy for all forms of violence in societies. As special strategy for ending of corporal punishment to make more visible through research interviewing children and teachers.it is a universal issue, so in most countries worldwide the initiative builds a global map of the prevalence and legality of corporal punishment. Also, in the right of children article 19 it is stated to protect children from all forms of physical and other punishment. The main purpose of the study is to know whether corporal punishment is given in school. The major objective is to know whether teachers know the philosophy of punishment and punish the student accordingly. While discussions have been made on the basis of findings and results. For the said purpose questionnaire survey method was adopted and it was found out that majority of students and teachers are against corporal punishment. The study suggests the teacher’s education, training and awareness regarding hold back ways of corporal punishment and affect alternative ways to correct students’ misbehavior is irresistible.

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Impact of Heavy School Bags on Students’ Physical Health and Learning Outcomes in Primary Schools of District Peshawar, KP

Sara Amin

Kids are almost left with no options than to carry heavy school bags to school these days for a number of reasons. It has been observed by pediatricians that such a thing automatically leads to strained backs and necks in growing children, and also impacts the learning outcomes of the students. It is not any more uncommon to find students, especially in middle schools, carrying huge bags weighing up to 30 pounds on their backs on a regular basis. Each year millions of students carry heavy bags with their shoulders drawn down with the weight. It is not surprising then that children complain of back pain, neck sprains etc.
Previously there are different studies in some developed countries regarding the impacts of Heavy Bags on Child`s health and learning outcome. In Pakistan, there is very little consideration awarded to analysis of student`s physical health and learning outcomes in context of the heavy bags they carry. Hence the role of Heavy bags presents an important area for analysis of the impacts of heavy bags in primary students in Pakistan. 
The study used a self-administered questionnaire among teachers of sampled students from public schools in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. The data collected was analyzed using statistical tools. The results suggested that that the respondents agreed that students in their class have heavy bags, their students complain of back pain due to heavy bags and often suffer muscle pain. Students have short attention span, often have damaged spinal cord, suffer with back pain and hence leads to absence of students from school. The results also signify that heavy bags result in low concentration, fatigue, learning and effect activities of the students.

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On the Significance of Communicating Behavior Expectations to the Students During Early Stages of an Academic Course

M Adeel, S Al-Sultan

Classroom management has a critical impact on effective teaching and learning. Classroom disruptions are the pattern of repeated behavior that significantly interrupts the teaching and learning process. It, therefore, becomes vital to handle these disruptions and the ability of a teacher to handle classroom discipline is given key priority in observation of teaching and learning conducted by the regulators. In this paper, we will focus on evaluating the significance of communicating behavior expectations to the students earlier on in the course, or ideally in the very first session, and its impact on effective teaching and learning. The analysis is based on the review of literature, interviews, and on the results of a survey completed by the teachers of a UK-based FE institution.

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