Noor Us Sama

Research has become a vital component of education, enabling students to acquire diverse skills that enhance their knowledge, deepen their understanding, and provide opportunities to explore new areas and address existing gaps. Research is important because it allows researchers to observe how students encounter and overcome various challenges during their research work, ultimately completing their research successfully. The objectives of this study were to identify students’ experiences with research skills and to explore the challenges they face while conducting research. The study adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method. The research population consisted of students from the Institute of Education and Research, with a sample size of 20 students interviewed for the study. The key findings revealed that students face several challenges during their research work. These include difficulties in data collection and analysis, selecting appropriate research topics, a lack of prior research knowledge, time management issues, and financial constraints, particularly for students living in hostels.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Muhammad Bilal Waris

This paper examines the evolution of Samsung’s Galaxy S series smartphones, focusing on the design changes and their impact on performance, customer demands, and competitive advantage. By analyzing the Galaxy S through S4 models, the study highlights significant milestones in smartphone technology and provides valuable insights into the principles of product evolution and innovation. The research underscores the importance of both demand-pull and invention-push innovation models in driving product development. Through comprehensive strategic analysis and competitive dynamics assessment, the paper explores how Samsung has leveraged its robust R&D capabilities and strategic branding to maintain a competitive edge in the dynamic smartphone market. The findings reveal that Samsung’s commitment to innovation and understanding of customer needs have been crucial in its success. This work is important as it offers a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing product evolution in the smartphone industry, providing valuable lessons for future technological advancements and strategic business decisions.  

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Michael James Wood

This paper explores modern communication technologies, focusing on the evolution of cellular networks from 1G to 5G, comparing their architectures and advancements. Broadband solutions, including DSL and fiber-optic FTTH, are examined alongside cloud computing models—public, private, hybrid, and community—and service models like SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, and FaaS. Security challenges across these technologies, including cellular, broadband, and cloud systems, are analyzed with proposed countermeasures. The study highlights the importance of innovation and robust security to ensure the reliability of these interconnected systems.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Dan Lee-Jones

The rapid evolution of networking technologies has revolutionized data communication, enabling unprecedented levels of connectivity and driving the development of advanced applications. This paper comprehensively reviews current and emerging networking technologies, focusing on their capabilities, vulnerabilities, and implications. It begins with examining the progression of broadband technologies, covering fixed-line options such as DSL, ADSL, fiber optics, powerline communications, and wireless advancements, including WiMAX, 3G, 4G, and 5G. Each technology's strengths, limitations, and specific use cases are analyzed, along with comparative insights into performance, scalability, and accessibility. The paper also explores the transformative role of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in enabling agile, efficient, and scalable network management, discussing its architecture, operational advantages, and associated security challenges. Short-range communication technologies such as Bluetooth, NFC, infrared, RFID, ANT, and Z-Wave are also examined in detail. Security challenges arising from the widespread adoption of these technologies are critically assessed, and tailored countermeasures are proposed to mitigate associated risks. This holistic analysis offers a valuable framework for understanding the impact of networking advancements on communication infrastructures. It provides actionable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the complexities of a hyper-connected world.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Marwas Asif, Motia Bibi

The study's findings will provide valuable insights into the experiences of women facing harassment in KP, highlighting barriers to reporting and accessing justice. The research will identify systemic gaps and recommend policy reforms, support services, and awareness campaigns to promote gender equality and safety. By shedding light on this critical issue, this study aims to inform evidence-based interventions, advocate for women's rights, and contribute to a safer, more inclusive environment for women in KP. The research's outcomes will be crucial for policymakers, practitioners, and activists working to address gender-based violence and promote women's empowerment in Pakistan.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Motia Bibi, Ayesha Tasheen

This research examines the underlying causes, patterns, and impact of gender-based violence in the region. Utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the study explores factors such as cultural norms, patriarchal structures, lack of legal enforcement, and socioeconomic challenges that contribute to the vulnerability of women. Data was collected through interviews case studies in the reports from local organizations working on women’s rights. The findings highlight the prevalence of domestic violence, honor killings, forced marriages, and other forms of abuse. The research emphasizes the need for stronger legal frameworks, enhanced social awareness, and support systems to protect women’s rights in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Recommendations are provided for policy makers, civil society organizations, and stakeholders to collaborate in creating a safer environment for women in the province. 

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Farrukh Aqeel

This paper explores the strategic challenges and opportunities faced by Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) in a competitive and evolving market. It examines the airline’s strategic objectives, focusing on operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and innovation. The analysis highlights key factors influencing organizational strategy and evaluates potential approaches to improve competitiveness, including enhanced technology, employee engagement, and expanded services. Recommendations emphasize sustainable growth through stakeholder alignment and strategic adaptability, positioning PIA for long-term success in the aviation industry.

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Babar Zaman, Mohammad A Shahzad

With over 1400 stores nationwide and revenue of more than £33 billion, Sainsbury’s is one of the UK’s largest retail groups. This paper provides a much-needed insight into the supply chain of Sainsbury’s in the context of a fast-spoiling fresh fruit and vegetable product line. A detailed overview of the literature has been conducted to highlight the best practices in the supply chain management process which have helped identify important components of the supply chain management an organization should focus on. With the help of this overview, questionnaires were prepared to conduct a survey from the customers and the staff of Sainsbury’s. As a result of this survey, critical problems in Sainsbury’s supply chain management process for fresh fruit and vegetables were identified.  

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Khalid Khan

In recent years, computer networks have evolved from static, hierarchical structures to highly distributed, autonomous systems. This shift necessitates self-adaptive and self-organizing capabilities in networking nodes. Challenges such as scalability, mobility, resource constraints, and the need for infrastructure-less operation are addressed through biologically inspired approaches. Techniques like Ant Colony Optimization, Artificial Immune Systems, and epidemic spreading offer promising solutions for efficient and robust network control. This paper explores various bio-inspired models and their applications in modern networking paradigms, highlighting their potential to enhance the performance and resilience of large-scale, dynamic, and heterogeneous networks.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Toheeda, Marwa Wali

The Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan is a self-governing charitable society. Its primary goal is to aid those in need. Though it was not technically incorporated as an NGO until 1990, the Alkhidmat Foundation has been providing public services since Pakistan’s creation in 1947. The supply of food and medical aid to refugees, victim rescue and lodging have consistently been the pillars of the Alkhidmat Foundation. The Alkhidmat group is among the top networks for providing humanitarian relief and an excellent example of a charitable organization. It offers Pakistan’s underprivileged communities access to clean water, health, education, crisis management, interest-free microfinance, and other community services. Finding out what sets Alkhidmat Foundation apart from other non-governmental organizations operating in Pakistan is another goal of this research. In addition, the study intends to evaluate the organization’s efforts in reconstruction, rescue and assistance for Pakistani citizens as well as Kyber Pukhtunkhwa residents in general. This research sets a benchmark for evaluating the effectiveness of NGOs in Pakistan and will offer valuable insights for future evaluations of NGOs, aiding policymakers, researchers, and organizations in enhancing their service delivery and impact on underprivileged communities.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Aman Ullah, Kaifayat Ullah, Tehreem Naeem Butt

This research study identifies different underlying oil price shocks to investigate the consequences of these shocks on the volatility of stock market prices in Pakistan which is highly import dependent countries. With some reasonable modification to the existing approach, this study uses Non-Linear Auto regressive distributed lag model to investigate the response of stock price volatility to oil price shock specifically oil demand shocks, oil supply shocks and oil specific demand shock by using monthly time series date from 2001-2018 for Pakistan. The analysis is carried out in two steps. In the first steps underlying source of oil price is identified. In the second step, the impact of these oil price shocks on the volatility of stock prices is analyzed for Pakistan. Bound test for nonlinear co-integration result indicates that there is long run association among the projected variables. The results of NARDL model are summarized as, except oil specific demand shock all variables have a long run and short impact on stock market volatility with different magnitudes which may contribute in asymmetry. This asymmetry impact of projected variables is investigated with the help of WALD test. The result shows that in long run, oil supply shock, oil demand shock has an asymmetric effect on volatility of stock market whereas, oil specific demand shock test statistics indicate the absence of asymmetric effect. While in short run only oil demand shows an asymmetric impacts and rest of the two variables namely oil supply shock and oil specific demand shocks results indicate that there is no asymmetric effect on volatility of stock prices.

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Tehreem Naeem Butt, Aman Ullah

This research looks at the financial stability of Pakistani microfinance banks (MFBs) in the context of the economy to see how macroeconomic factors affect microfinance decisions. The data of ten microfinance banks over the period of 2016-2020 is used for this purpose. Except for GDP growth, economic variables such as foreign direct investment, inflation, and interest rates spread have a negative impact on financial sustainability, according to the findings. From the perspective of MFI good governance, the total economic results appear to be crucial. Furthermore, for MFIs to be financially stable, government and microfinance officials must take macroeconomic decisions into consideration.

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Hamza Abid

This paper explores the advancements and significance of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) in modern communication technologies, particularly their role in enhancing 4G, 5G, and beyond. It examines the architecture, types of nodes, and various standards of WMNs, highlighting their dynamic, self-organizing nature and cost-effectiveness. The paper also compares WMNs with ad-hoc networks, addressing protocol design and other critical issues. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of WMNs to provide flexible, scalable, and reliable network solutions, and can serve as an essential reference for researchers and industry professionals.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Mohammad A Shahzad

Recent advancements in Internet technology have significantly transformed the interaction between humans and electronic devices, leading to the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper explores the evolution and impact of edge computing, a technology that processes data near its source rather than relying solely on cloud computing. By comparing cloud, fog, and edge computing, we highlight the advantages of edge computing in reducing latency, enhancing security, and improving efficiency. The paper also addresses the challenges and opportunities in edge computing, emphasizing its potential applications in smart homes, cities, and collaborative environments. Edge computing represents a pivotal shift towards more responsive and efficient data processing, crucial for the future of IoT.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Yousaf Raheel

In this paper we will discuss different causes of poverty in different regions of the world. The factors such as malnutrition, slum areas, child labour, Infant mortality rate, lack of education, and child marriages play an important role in the poverty statistics of any country. We will discuss the regions which have high poverty rate, also the role of non-governmental organizations in eradication of poverty.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Muhammad Ali Paracha, Syed Noman Jamil, Abdul Rasheed, Nadia Jamil

This research paper investigates the realm of Cyber-Edge computing, further reviewing its fundamental concepts, challenges, and applications. In a rapidly evolving landscape of interconnected devices and data-driven paradigms, the convergence of edge computing and cybersecurity takes centre stage. The paper commences by explaining the core components of Cyber-Edge architecture, encompassing policies, management, and protocols. Furthermore, it explores the Cyber-Edge applications, showcasing its transfor- mative potential in domains such as smart agriculture, smart homes, and enhanced healthcare systems. In navigating the landscape of Cyber-Edge, inherent challenges surface, ranging from cyber threats to privacy concerns, thereby prompting an analysis of future directions. Additionally, the paper formulates pivotal research questions that pave the way for further exploration in this dynamic field. The manuscript is structured on Cyber-Edge fundamentals, examines challenges, highlights practical IoT applications within the Edge paradigm and finally, presents research questions, followed by comprehensive conclusions. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the interdependent relationship between Cyber-Edge computing and security emerges as a cornerstone in shaping the landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge networking.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Sara Hamid, Sanaullah

Language anxiety can be aroused in many situations. The challenges the undergraduates are faced with while adjusting to a second language ought to be researched by specialists. In Pakistani setting, this contextual analysis will feature the connection of the anxiety with the second language learning. The main aim of the study is to find out the causes of anxiety that affect second language learning at the secondary level. Main objectives of the study are to explore different strategies and how to build confidence level among students of second language learning. Thus, the nature of the study is quantitative survey-based; the population selected by the researchers was the students at government secondary schools of district Peshawar. Through a stratified sampling technique, four schools were selected; 10 students each from class 9th and 10th participated in the study in order to achieve the desired sample size (80 questionnaires). The data was collected personally by the researchers, arranged into tables, and then analyzed using frequencies and percentage. Most of the respondents were of the opinion that they are nervous and face difficulty in comprehending fast speakers, but do not get bored in the class. Most of the students believed that teachers using different techniques helps them tell stories and makes them active and energetic in the class. The main recommendations are that the awareness of students needs to be raised about the causes that influence their second language learning. Taking into consideration the results of this research project, teachers need to use language games to improve students’ second language learning. Teachers must try their level best to give rather easy language tests, while all the teacher training institutions should teach the strategies to reduce anxiety of the students.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

Shakila Malik, Asma

The study was aimed at examining the role of recognition, achievement, work itself, advancement, and responsibilities. The study was based on a survey. The population comprised 1199 private university teachers, while the sample size was 250 respondents. Linear regression analysis was used to test the study hypothesis. The adapted questionnaire was for data collection while tool was validated through KMO and Bartlett test. Reliability was checked through Cronbach alpha. The results of the research revealed that faculty are more intrinsically satisfied than extrinsically. This implies that employees who are intrinsically satisfied with their educational environment will have higher levels of job performance, and these employees will contribute positively towards the success and overall productivity of the university. If the university management wants to boost the job satisfaction of the faculty, provide them with better opportunities in all aspects of their job, and adopt strategies to enhance their job satisfaction.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

Yousaf Raheel

This paper provides an integrated marketing communication strategy for launching a beverage product in Pakistan. Context analyses conducted as part of this study include internal and external analysis, business analysis, stakeholder analysis, and customer analysis. In context of marketing communication strategy, this research includes SMART marketing communication objectives, a detailed discussion on considerations in developing marketing communication strategy, a comprehensive strategy to achieve marketing communication objectives, and discussion on the mechanism of controlling and evaluation of marketing communications plan. It is important to highlight that although in this work, a focus has been placed on the consumer market of Pakistan, due to socio-cultural and demographic similarities between the countries in South Asia, this strategy will prove equally effective in India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal and Bhutan. 

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Yousaf Raheel

In this paper we will discuss the role of social workers in helping out the people who suffered from disasters. It is evident that Social Workers have always been whole heartedly supporting the people as well as governmental organizations to combat challenges that occur immediately after any disaster such as hunger, lack of shelter homes, lack of blood donors, issues in accessing deserving people, distribution of food items, digging out the corpse, helping people recover from the loss and many more challenges. In this paper we will focus on four major disasters which resulted in a large number of causalities and the role of social workers in the recovery process.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Tahira Roohi, Niaz Muhammad Aajiz

The purpose of this paper is to study the provision and application of new educational technologies with reference to the effective and appropriate performance of the secondary school teachers of KPK. Using the survey method, the data were gathered from 200 teachers through a questionnaire. The questionnaire had two parts; part one sought participant’s demographic information, whilst part two examined the practice, competencies, changing role and parameters of the teachers by incorporating new educational technologies. This paper argues that engaging with new technologies the teachers can make continuous everlasting professional development which enhances the educator’s achievement. This paper also suggests some possible ways in which technologies transit the effective teaching to the new future of educational system.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Education Research

Babar Zaman, Mohammad A Shahzad

This paper is aimed at evaluation of the supply chain of Sainsbury’s, one of the leading UK retailers in context of delivery of fruits and vegetables. We will assess supply chain of Sainsbury’s in context of key components such as inventory, facilities, transportation, and warehousing technologies. We attempt to analyse how Sainsbury’s manages their supply chain function to ensure the effective and efficient flow of fresh fruit and vegetables into operation, to better serve customer and reduce costs. We will explore their practices and discuss how recent improvements in their supply chain have helped Sainsbury’s become a more efficient and cost-effective. 

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Munir Hussain

The demand for WBAN has increased for last few years because it is useful network to monitor and improve various health conditions of human being. Information’s exchanges among different entities are very sensitive, so it is vital to keep this information’s secure from unauthorized access in order to avoid unpleasant incidents. Security and privacy are the most critical issues. Security is the important issue for any network and especially in WBANs its proper management is very crucial otherwise biomedical data collected by sensor nodes should be mixed with other user’s data. Also, patients do not want their personal data to be misused and WBAN should provide the privacy to prevent eavesdropping. Mutual authentication is also a key challenge in WBAN, and patients’ data originality and integrity are important for their treatment diagnosis etc. Development of the new mutual authentication schemes in healthcare applications without considering security makes patient privacy vulnerable. In this paper, we discuss communication technologies, possible attacks and recently most used popular authentication methods in WBANs.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Safi Ullah, Um-e-Kulsoom, Mamriz Khan

It is an established fact that the teachers are the catalysts for improving the quality of teaching learning process. This focus is based on the assumption that understanding the perception of teachers on the contribution of principal’s instructional supervision towards the performance of teachers. The principal is supposed to procure teaching materials to schools for teachers to work with in order to improve classroom instructions. Principals may always be ready to assist the teachers and interact with them in cordial manner. This study aimed to explore the “Relationship between Principal’s Instructional Supervision and Its Influence on Teachers Performance at Secondary Level in Peshawar”. For this purpose, data was collected from 25 girls high and higher secondary schools randomly. Eight teachers from each school were randomly selected, so 200 teachers constituted the sample size of the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondent teachers. The Reliability test of the test items, a pilot study was carried out. The questionnaire was administered among 20 teachers other than the sample. Cronbach’s Alpha was carried out which yielded results within the acceptable range. Data analysis was made by using statistical tools such as Descriptive Statistics, One-Sample t-test, Pearson Correlation-test and Regression Analysis. The management may provide latest instructional technology to the educational institution for effective teaching learning process. Finally, recommendations were put forward based on future researchers may take up research on the use of instructional technology at secondary level.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Education Research

Mehul Mehta

Over the past two decade the importance of the employee retention has grown. Most of the organisations understand that human resources are one of the primary factors for the organisational success and their growth. In the globalised world the competition between the organisations has increased and they are not going back to pay the price to acquire and retain the best talents in the market. Efficient and dedicated employees will drive the organisation towards goals. In the domain of human resource management, the employee retention is one of the topmost priorities related to the organisation’s performance.
The study explores the importance of the employee retention and how it affects the organisational performance. The study also investigates the strategies adopted by the IBM India. With the aid of valuable data, the study explores the link between retaining the best talents in the market and an increase in the organisational performance.  

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management