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Consumer Marketing Engagement and Segment Multimedia Strategy for Launching a Beverage Product in Pakistan
Adnan Ashraf, Yousaf Raheel, Muhammad Adeel, Muhammad A Khalil
AbstractThe soft drinks market is the third largest revenue participant of the Central Board of Revenue in terms of sales tax and excise duties. Pakistani beverage market has been growing since its inception. With several local and international companies interested in this lucrative business, this paper attempts to provide a much sought-after insight into various aspects of Pakistani consumer market by providing a consumer engagement and segment multimedia strategy for a future beverage product as a case study. The theories on consumer engagement and their application in perspective of Pakistani society, and a detailed analysis of considerable factors in consumer engagement in context of segment multimedia strategy are the highlights of this work. Although focused on Pakistani market, this case study is perfectly applicable in context of other Asian and African countries with similar socio-culture environment.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Internal and External Analysis of a UK Retailer and Identification of Variables for Assessment
Babar Zaman, Mohammad A Shahzad
AbstractBefore devising a strategy, it is requisite to perform the internal and external analysis of the company to better understand its market position. This paper aims to provide a detailed assessment of the UK retailer Sainsbury’s through PEST analysis, Porter’s Five Force model, SWOT analysis, 7S model and a brief financial position analysis. The research will not only help identify the current position and future opportunities for Sainsbury’s but will also help identify the performance variables through which other UK retailers could be assessed in future.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Creating Brands for Airline Industry – Marketing Planning to Launch a Commercial Helicopter Service
Adnan Ashraf, Yousaf Raheel, Muhammad Adeel
AbstractOver the years, tourism industry has remained a key player in Pakistani economy. It has although seen its worst downfall in history due to the incidents of terrorism in the past 15 years, in the recent years, this industry is on the rise/booming again. Airline industry has played a key role in connecting far-flung tourist heavens of Pakistan to the mainland. After researching the Pakistani airline industry, this work provides a preliminary marketing plan for a proposed commercial helicopter service for a leading airline in Pakistan. The paper includes a comprehensive internal and external analysis of the airline to assess the feasibility of the proposed service. Besides providing a situation analysis, this paper also includes a detailed 4 Ps analysis, and an evaluation of value addition for the consumer in the proposed marketing strategy.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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A Survey of the Effective Classroom Strategies for Teaching Children with Dyslexia
Muhammad Arsalan
AbstractIn this paper we aim at discussing various strategies adopted by teachers in order to help a child with dyslexia cope with challenges in the class. The time spent in attaining education plays a significant part in a child’s development. For a teacher, aiding a dyslexic child is a wonderful as well as challenging task. Dyslexic learners have learning differences due to which they cannot hold information for long and may not be able to grasp the information at all. It is important to understand that a dyslexic learner neither lacks intelligence nor willfulness, only constant support provided by mentors can help them learn and achieve. This paper is aimed at reviewing a wide range of strategies that could act as guidelines for tutors and equip them with necessary skills to help the learners with dyslexia in different age groups learn and achieve.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Operational Management: Case Study of a UK-based Groceries and General Merchandise Retailer
Muhammad Rizwan
AbstractOperational management lies at the core of a company’s management. It ensures that the business processes, finance, and the technology in the company is managed affectively to help realise the company’s vision and mission. This paper provides an overview of the financial management, the human resource management aspects of operational management, and information system management of Tesco, a UK retailer.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Analysis of the Critical Aspects of M-commerce and Mobile Payment Systems
Munir Hussain
AbstractThe fast spreading of wireless technology services are more focusing on businesses area rather than targeting customers. Even now, this advancement in the mobile technology continues to bang the international business market intensely, modern mobile technologies and their applications are more focusing the mobile business area. Today, the world of electronic transactions is switching from E-commerce to M-commerce. In order to solve critical issues in M-commerce it becomes vital to understand different concepts and technologies associated with M-commerce. The first part of this paper gives overview of M-commerce in terms of their characteristics, applications, and issues pertaining to it, including many critical issues such battery power consumption in M-commerce transactions. Battery is one of the most important and scarce resources in mobile devices thus to extend the mobile devices battery lifetime, it becomes important to save the battery resource as much as possible. The second part of this paper focuses on exploring various aspects of enabling mobile payment systems, mobile payment modes and characteristics and the payments system requirements.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Strategic Planning: Analysis of the Past, Present, and Future Strategies of the Vodafone
Azhar Khan
AbstractThis paper provides an evaluation of the past, present, and future strategic plans of Vodafone. To design any strategy for the future, it is imperative to analyse the important parts of strategic plans of the company in the past. Thus, in this work, we provide a detailed analysis of Vodafone’s strategic plan for the past decade. Similarly, to identify the aspects of strategic importance for Vodafone in the present times, this work provides an overview of the key components of the current strategic plan of Vodafone. Finally, based on the study of the past and present strategies, and critical variables affecting telecom industry in general and Vodafone in particular, this work proposes some critical components of the future strategic plan for Vodafone. Based on the analysis, as part of this work, we also propose various improvements to the value chain of Vodafone.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Exploring Challenges and Strategies in Preschool Education: An In-Depth Analysis of Teacher Experiences and Classroom Dynamics
Mohammad A. Shahzad
AbstractIn this paper we aim at understanding the various problems encountered by a preschool teacher. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate root problems which are faced by teachers of all spectrums in kindergarten schools. We will also discuss different scenarios these super humans encounter in their day-to-day routine. It is often thought that teaching kids is fun, which is not always true. The toddlers have sudden mood swings, and this can be very irritating for teachers when they have to handle a big class full of kids who can’t handle themselves and find every solution in crying. Patience and engaging activities planned by teachers is the only way which helps them in class control. The other problems faced by them are related to curriculum planning, hectic paperwork, handling administration, working in alliance with parents, low pays, and most of all handling toddler’s behavior.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Evaluation of the MPeersim – A Simulation Environment for Mobile Networks
M Adeel, L N Tokarchuk, M A Azam, S K A Khan
AbstractMPeersim is a simulation environment for mobile and mobile P2P networks. It simulates different types of mobile nodes and communication technologies such as Bluetooth, MMS, and SMS. With a primary emphasis of evaluation of MPeersim in terms of simulation statistics, this paper will elaborate on various MPeersim functionalities in context of availability of generic, node, and network-specific simulation parameters, node and network-specific statistics available for various types of analyses, and on the capabilities of MPeersim in terms of presenting empirical data in different formats including graphs and visualisations for monitoring purposes. Providing a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between parameters and statistics will assist researchers in planning for developing simulation environments.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Lightweight Secure and Scalable Key Sharing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Munir Hussain, Khalid Khan
AbstractWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology is still immature and thus faces a variety of problems due to limited memory, CPU and battery power resources. WSNs are prone to active and passive attacks. While the former is capable of affecting minimal resources, the latter type of attack is difficult to launch but very powerful in terms of affecting critical resources. Most shared key security protocols used in WSNs are not scalable as they depend upon third party or KDC. Although in some situations this concept works well, besides reducing scalability, finding a trustworthy third party is also very difficult in KDC concept of key sharing. This paper gives a brief overview of WSNs, posed security threats to these networks and relevant security issues. This paper also brings in a novel key sharing model for traversing secret key in WSNs that does not depend on third party concept and hence it is a more scalable and secure.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Efficient Market Hypothesis: An Evaluation of the Efficiency of Indian Capital Markets
Mehul Mehta
AbstractMarket efficiency refers to the accuracy and quickness with which prices reflect market related information. Decisions of investment by an investor in a market is influenced by many factors, one of the most important is the market efficiency. Research reveals that if a market is efficient, it is extremely difficult to make excessive returns. In an efficient market there exist next to none undervalued securities. With the first stock exchange started functioning in 1875 Indian stock markets have been lucrative for the traders from around the world. This paper attempts to analyse the efficiency of the Indian capital markets. Research from the literature and the interviews of the renowned investors have been used to reach a conclusion. Some tips in context of investment strategy have also been provided.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Analysis of Efficient Market Hypothesis and Behavioral Finance
Mehul Mehta
AbstractThe efficient market hypothesis suggests that at any given time in a capital market, the prices of stock reflect all available information. Hypothesis implies that it is impossible to beat the market because the market price always incorporates all the relevant information that may influence the price of a stock. Some researchers, based on the historic evidence, contradict with this hypothesis, and challenge the presence of a perfect rationale behind the hypothesis. Behavioural finance on the other hand combines behavioural and cognitive psychological theory with economics and finance to provide explanations behind the irrational financial decisions investors make. Using these theories, behavioural finance explains stock market anomalies such as severe rises or falls in stock price. Behavioural finance assumes that both information structure and the characteristics of market investors influence investment decision of the individuals. This paper provides a thorough analysis of efficient market hypothesis and behavioural finance by considering the literature and market statistics.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Lateness and Absenteeism in Observed Classes: A Reflection on Practice
Asghar Hussain, Muhammad Adeel
AbstractThis paper explores the critical incidents in the classroom context, specifically addressing issues of lateness and absenteeism. The paper reflects on the impact of these classroom disruptions on teaching and learning and discusses potential strategies to address these disruptions. In this analysis we incorporate various learning theories, such as Dweck's theory of intelligence, and Keller's ARCS model of motivation. The paper emphasizes the importance of the relevance, attention, confidence, and satisfaction in sustaining student motivation. We propose that through reflective practice, we can enhance the teaching approaches and become more effective educators.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Media Dynamics in Recent Conflicts: Syrian War Case Study
Imtiaz Khan
AbstractMass media play a vital role in influencing citizens to have their perceptions and opinions shaped. However, there is relatively less evidence to confirm or reject the claims that the media promote or prevents conflict. This paper, intends to delve into exploring visual propaganda, spreading due to the mass media between the two sides in using images to promote their political agendas during the recent Syrian conflicts. A conflict that started with the arrest of a fourteen-year-old boy who sprayed anti-government slogans on a school wall, and the effect of instantaneous worldwide reporting on this strife. The major issue is to understand that whether the advancement of media in this digital age has made any significant changes in the role of media play in such confrontations.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Race, Ethnicity, and Identity Construction: Exploring Societal Dynamics, Historical Perspectives
Iftikhar Mehmood
AbstractThe research paper provides insights into the sociology of race and ethnicity, investigating identity construction, historical underpinnings, and societal hierarchies. It discusses the changing definitions of race and ethnicity, the influence of migration on cultural belonging, and the power dynamics between minority and majority groups. Furthermore, it examines attitudes towards dual citizenship in the Netherlands, contextualizing them within notions of national identity and cultural acceptance. Through a comprehensive analysis, the paper sheds light on the complexities of racial and ethnic dynamics in contemporary society.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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SKEP & SEEKDP: Towards Secure and Energy-Efficient Key Exchange and Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks
Munir Hussain, Khalid Khan
AbstractSecurity and Energy are important issues when wireless sensor network (WSN) is deployed in harsh environments. WSN security becomes real challenge for the researchers because these networks are vulnerable to security attacks due to the broadcast nature of transmission. Due to the limited memory, CPU, and battery power of sensor nodes, traditional asymmetric-key distribution protocols are expensive and rather infeasible. Thus, only a very few conventional protocols can readily be used in sensor networks and key management schemes should be designed carefully to reduce computations power over the sensor node as well. In this paper we analyse existing Key Management Protocols like SPINS, SEKEN, SNAKE, Security Architecture for Mobile WSNs and BROSK for their vulnerabilities against Denial-of-Service attacks. In WSNs, where the most protocols working on point-to-point handshaking procedures to negotiate link dependent keys, this influences the scalability of the network, we present a novel protocol SKEP to construct link dependent keys by unicasting. We also propose SEEKDP a security protocol that prevents certain attacks, distribute keys, exchange information in an efficient manner and provide security by consuming less energy of regular sensor node.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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On the Collection of Statistical Parameters on Mobile Phones for Detection of Security Attacks and Mobile Malware
M Adeel, L N Tokarchuk, M A Azam, S K A Khan
AbstractCommunication between mobiles using technologies like Bluetooth, MMS, SMS, Mobile and Home Broadband can increase their susceptibility to mobile security threats. In the past few years, mobile malware has emerged as one of the major threats for modern-day mobile devices. Since the first malware outbreak in 2004, hundreds of mobile viruses, worms, Trojans and spyware and over thousands of their variants have been discovered. With such a large number of ever-evolving malware, it is challenging to develop an electronic system capable of detecting such malware. In this work, the statistical data generated as a consequence of interactions on mobile devices and the mechanism of recording this data against statistical parameters on mobile devices is discussed. We also provide a detailed taxonomy of the low and high-order statistical parameters and discuss how these parameters (besides utilisation in other scenarios) can be affectively utilised in the detection of a variety of security attacks and malware types.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Technical Evaluation of the Functionality of Popular Mobile Payment Protocols
Munir Hussain, Syed Usman Jamil
AbstractToday, mobile commerce flexibility has totally changed businesses in the world due to easy mobile-based online bookings and payments. Its implementation is not limited to any single area but it can be utilized in all sorts of situations and organizations in various ways. It can be utilized in banking, electronic publication distribution, online sales, online payments for different utility bills and online booking of airlines etc. These kinds of online booking, buying and selling, and their payment services are available to anyone 24/7 in the world. When using these types of facilities, one needs to understand and study different types of characteristics of this new technology i.e., it is important to understand different modes of payments, various technologies using mobile payment system, and different M-commerce payment protocols. As we know, energy consumption is a critical issue in M-commerce, so it is important to reduce battery power consumption as much as possible. In this paper, we will explore some of the most popular mobile payment protocols step-by-step to fully understand their working environment.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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The Taxonomy of Behavioural Parameters on Mobile Devices
M Adeel, L N Tokarchuk, M A Azam, S K A Khan
AbstractMobile malware has emerged as one of the major threats for modern day mobile networks. Since the first inception a decade ago, hundreds of types of mobile malware and their variants have been discovered. Interactions between mobile using technologies like Bluetooth, MMS, SMS, and mobile and home broadband, leave significant usage footprints on mobile devices. If acquired and processed, these footprints can be utilised for a variety of purposes including the detection of mobile malware. This work is aimed at introducing various behaviour parameters against which the footprints can be recorded, and the processing of these parameters to produce high-order parameters that can prove very effective in different types of devices and network-specific analysis including detection of malware. It is important to state that this work is limited to presenting a comprehensive taxonomy of behaviour parameters only, and a discussion on the mechanism of utilising the behaviour parameters in analysis such as detection of malware is beyond the scope of this work.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Assimilation Dynamics: An In-depth Analysis of Immigrants' Integration into American Society from Historical to Contemporary Perspectives
Iftikhar Mehmood
AbstractAssimilation is the process by which immigrants become some part of the mainstream culture of their new nation, decreasing the contrasts among migrants and native-born Americans. Research frequently recognizes social assimilation, in which ethnic and social standards from the past nation become less common and different factors, for example, socioeconomic success and educational equity, alluded to under the umbrella of structural assimilation. Assimilation, particularly social assimilation, has been a questionable discussion in American policymaking, influencing education, health policy, and other areas. Previously, many trusted that all out assimilation was important for the sound working of American culture. Today, many grasp multicultural or divided absorption speculations, which see multiculturalism and a particular ethnic way of life as strength rather than a weakness.
The United States has for quite some time been seen as a land of opportunity for immigrants. However, both past and today, US natives have expressed concern that immigrants neglect to incorporate into US society and lower wages for existing workers. This paper reviews the literature on historical and contemporary migrant flows, yielding new experiences on migrant selection, assimilation of immigrants into the US economy and society, and the impact of migration on the work advertise.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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ICN Framework and Its Challenges for IOT Applications
Syed Usman Jamil, Khalid Khan
AbstractThe early internet user needs were coped by current internet architecture that was based on host-centric communication model. Now a day, usage as well as requirements of internet is changed however mostly internet users are interested to access large amount of data/information regardless of physical location. This paradigm changes in the internet usage model along with mobility support, better security and pressing needs of users has invited researchers to consider radical changes in the internet architecture. By following this direction, we have reviewed many on-going efforts of researchers in which the future internet can be developed on the foundation of Information- Centric Networking.
To sync billions of objects over the internet is promised by the internet of things (IOT). To deploy numerous individual IOT architectures, in domains of diverse nature, the ongoing trend is to deploy a common IOT platform, so that objects may be accessible and synchronized with applications across domains and organizations. To achieve this goal, limited proposals are developed to model unified host centric IOT infrastructure operate at upper layer of current host centric internet. Therefore, fundamental mismatch is evident in between the today’s host centric nature of internet and IOT system having information centric nature. We propose to develop common set of services and protocols to resolve this mismatch, which form a platform for IOT, on the basis of ICN paradigm, which may be named as ICN-IOT platform. ICN-IOT merger is the ICN salient feature and therefore enables seamless scalability, mobility support and efficient service and content delivery.
The main aim of these investigations is to find out the core functionalities of ICN architectures, overview of IOT functionalities and architectural requirements, and the review of ICN over IOT implementations and their advantages and challenges to sketch out the key unresolved challenges in this field of networking research.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Study of Network Design Considerations for Small Businesses
Michael James Wood
AbstractThis paper investigates the logical and physical network design considerations for a small business. Moreover, the paper investigates how a business facing data consistency issues may address the issue by implementing a network design solution and how networks can be monitored and protected from security threats.
Part one of this paper investigates the networking solution and networking topologies. Part two discusses networking infrastructure such as the purchasing of necessary networking devices to centralize the businesses data communications and background and foreground services. Part three of this paper discusses various aspects of network and data communication monitoring using a networking tool provided by SolarWinds. The last section, part four investigates a security proposal for the businesses network and discusses data recovery, malware and authentication.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Evaluation of Design and Security of the Network Infrastructure of a UK-Based SME
Daniel Jones
AbstractThis paper evaluates various aspects of design and security of the network infrastructure of an SME in the UK. It signifies how the best practices in network deployment from the literature can be used to acquire an efficient and secure communication network. The paper includes comparative analyses of a wide range of components of the network infrastructure, and different types of network diagrams. The paper also discusses various aspects of monitoring of the network infrastructure, highlights the critical parameters to gauge network performance, and demonstrates the use of different monitoring tools. The last section of this paper discusses security in the context of network infrastructure of the SME. It discusses various theoretical aspects of security, identifies various threats that could be posed to the SMEs, and a range of logical and physical countermeasures to protect against security threats and attacks. This paper can be helpful for the researchers and practitioners interested in the design and security of the network infrastructure of the SMEs. This paper can also act as a guideline for the users to apply the best practices from the literature to their own network deployment and management.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Ad-hoc and Opportunistic Routing in Dynamic Scatternet Environment
S K A Khan, M Adeel, M A Azam
AbstractIn reality, mobile ad-hoc networks are highly unpredictable because any node can join or leave the network at any time, thus making reliable and effective communication a problem. This issue is addressed by introducing new breed of ad-hoc networking, known as opportunistic networks. Opportunistic networking is a concept that has evolved from mobile ad-hoc networking. In opportunistic networks nodes have no prior knowledge of routes to intended destinations. Any node in the network can be used as potential forwarder with the exception of taking information one step closer to intended destination. The forwarding decision is based on the information gathered from the source node or encountering node. The opportunistic forwarding can only be achieved if message forwarding is carried out in store and forward fashion. Although, opportunistic networks are more flexible than traditional MANETs, however, due to little insight of network, it poses distinct challenges such as intermittent connectivity, variable delays, short connection duration and dynamic topology. Addressing these challenges in opportunistic network is the basis for developing new and efficient protocols for information sharing. This paper presents a conceptual study for opportunistic networks to improve the overall message delivery at destinations while keeping the communication cost very low. Some assumptions are considered to improved directivity of message flow towards intended destinations. These assumptions exploit human social relationships analogies such as popularity and use of hybrid communication by applying opportunistic concepts on top of traditional ad-hoc routing such as AODV to gain maximum message directivity. The experiment results have shown that by combining traditional ad-hoc routing with opportunistic forwarding has not only improved directivity but as a result have achieved a great improvement in message delivery to intended destinations.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Impact of Heavy School Bags on Students’ Physical Health and Learning Outcomes in Primary Schools of District Peshawar, KP
Sara Amin
AbstractKids are almost left with no options than to carry heavy school bags to school these days for a number of reasons. It has been observed by pediatricians that such a thing automatically leads to strained backs and necks in growing children, and also impacts the learning outcomes of the students. It is not any more uncommon to find students, especially in middle schools, carrying huge bags weighing up to 30 pounds on their backs on a regular basis. Each year millions of students carry heavy bags with their shoulders drawn down with the weight. It is not surprising then that children complain of back pain, neck sprains etc.
Previously there are different studies in some developed countries regarding the impacts of Heavy Bags on Child`s health and learning outcome. In Pakistan, there is very little consideration awarded to analysis of student`s physical health and learning outcomes in context of the heavy bags they carry. Hence the role of Heavy bags presents an important area for analysis of the impacts of heavy bags in primary students in Pakistan.
The study used a self-administered questionnaire among teachers of sampled students from public schools in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. The data collected was analyzed using statistical tools. The results suggested that that the respondents agreed that students in their class have heavy bags, their students complain of back pain due to heavy bags and often suffer muscle pain. Students have short attention span, often have damaged spinal cord, suffer with back pain and hence leads to absence of students from school. The results also signify that heavy bags result in low concentration, fatigue, learning and effect activities of the students.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Evaluation of the Critical Causes of Financial Instability in Small and Medium Enterprises
Mohammad A Shahzad
AbstractFinancial crises present a significant challenge for managers and enterprises. The primary objective of this research paper is to evaluate the root causes of financial instability in small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs). Financial crises leave the companies with insufficient financial resources, hindering their ability to adapt and overcome the ensuing crisis. This paper aims to systematically evaluate potential factors influencing the financial situation of SMEs. Additionally, it will provide relevant insights to enrich the analysis and propose practical recommendations to address these challenges and enhance the resilience of SMEs in the face of financial instability.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Impact of Corporal Punishment on the Academic Achievement of Students
Zubaida, Amjad Reba
AbstractCorporal punishment is physical punishment. It is a punishment in which physical force is intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort. It includes hitting the children with hand or with a cane, strip or with any other object, kicking, shaking, or throwing children, scratching, pinching, pulling their ears and their hairs etc. Thus, it is the harmful form of punishment which discourages the children. The study was conducted in District Chitral. Data was collected from 100 respondents of primary school students using random sampling technique through proportional allocation method using interview schedule. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. It is an essential strategy for all forms of violence in societies. As special strategy for ending of corporal punishment to make more visible through research interviewing children and teachers.it is a universal issue, so in most countries worldwide the initiative builds a global map of the prevalence and legality of corporal punishment. Also, in the right of children article 19 it is stated to protect children from all forms of physical and other punishment. The main purpose of the study is to know whether corporal punishment is given in school. The major objective is to know whether teachers know the philosophy of punishment and punish the student accordingly. While discussions have been made on the basis of findings and results. For the said purpose questionnaire survey method was adopted and it was found out that majority of students and teachers are against corporal punishment. The study suggests the teacher’s education, training and awareness regarding hold back ways of corporal punishment and affect alternative ways to correct students’ misbehavior is irresistible.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Operations Management: On Identification of Optimal Theory to Solve Queuing Problem in Fashion Retail Stores
Mohsin Khurshid
AbstractThis paper provides an insight into the operations management of Primark in the context of queuing problems at the tills. We analyse this problem considering various queuing theories to determine the most optimal theory. We provide a wide range of recommendations to handle this problem at Primark. This case study and the recommendations will not only help the company in question but could be used by the retailers in other sectors to improve their operations, consequently achieving efficiency and higher degrees of customer satisfaction.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Understanding Employee Retention: Processes, Best Practices, Myths, and Important Factors
Mehul Mehta
AbstractThe study describes the relationship between the human resource management practices and the employee retention. It has become essential to retain the best employees for the organisation’s performance. The research reviews relevant literature to identify HR practices that influence the employee retention and also the effect on the overall organisational performance by retaining the right and efficient employees. Therefore, it is important to have a productive and efficient workforce to collectively focus on the organisation’s success. In this paper we provide highlight the importance of employee retention in HRM, discuss the critical process and best practices in employee retention, briefly summarise the myths in the context, and provide a detailed discussion on the factors affecting employee retention.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Classroom Disruptions: Causes, Effects, and Strategies for Tackling Disruptive Behaviour
Azhar Khan
AbstractClassroom settings and disruptive behaviour are critical topics in society today because of the growing concerns of bullying related suicides, enhancement of electronic and social media use, and mental health and cultural issues. While disruptive behaviour may seem insignificant for some, many times there are serious underlying issues that need to be addressed. In this paper we will discuss different types of disruptive behaviours in the classroom setting and explore key reasons behind such behaviours.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Strategic Management Case Study of a UK-based Retailer
Waseem Ahmed
AbstractTesco is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by gross revenues and ninth-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues. This paper analyses the strategic management at Tesco in different dimensions. We attempt to study its business economics using objectives and mission statement, PESTEL analysis, and SWOT analysis. We analyse its strategy and processes by evaluation of the alignment of company’s direction with its vision statement, and through the use of balance scorecards and utilising game theory technique. We also explore the aspects of the international expansion strategy of Tesco by evaluating various positional international markets and through employing PEST analysis.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Establish the Enrollment Trend of the 4th Grade in District Muzaffarabad
Nafeesa Mir Zaman, Amjad Reba
AbstractThis study aimed to describe the enrollment trend to 4th grade students of selected public schools of city Muzaffarabad. For this purpose, researcher had selected 6 public schools through simple random sampling. A questionnaire containing different sections entitled as enrollment trends, school attendance on daily basis and education was designed to collect the data from different schools. This study revealed many important aspects that are necessary to be addressed in the public schools of district Muzaffarabad. The present study also yielded different ways for further research. This study also examined that there is low enrollment of the students at the 4th grade in the public schools of the district Muzaffarabad. It is recommended that the stakeholders should provide all the necessities to government schools that are essential for the formal and modern education. There should be a focus on the improvement of the public schools and parents should be engaged in the educational setup so that they can identify their children interests and abilities to perform better in their academic life. Because of the benefits students’ enrollment and attendance rates are high then the public school.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Analysis of the Impact of Media in the US Elections
Farrukh Aqeel
AbstractNew Media has played an increasingly central role in American elections since they first appeared in 1992. While television remains the primary source of election information for a dominant part of voters, digital communication platforms have become prominent. New Media have activated changes in the campaign strategies of political parties, candidates, and political associations; reshaped election media coverage; and influenced voter commitment. The new media condition is dynamic and continues to develop in the novel, sometimes unanticipated, ways that have genuine ramifications for democratic governance and politics. The manner in which individuals, exchange ideas through digital media were intensified all through the election process. Online media have favorable positions over conventional media in view of its capacity to control message content. However, content on social media sites tends to be unfiltered, allowing inaccuracies disseminated. The 2016 presidential election is an example of how citizens must “make sense of the world” by making a “sense of the flood of information” (Dekat, 2017).
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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On the Significance of Communicating Behavior Expectations to the Students During Early Stages of an Academic Course
M Adeel, S Al-Sultan
AbstractClassroom management has a critical impact on effective teaching and learning. Classroom disruptions are the pattern of repeated behavior that significantly interrupts the teaching and learning process. It, therefore, becomes vital to handle these disruptions and the ability of a teacher to handle classroom discipline is given key priority in observation of teaching and learning conducted by the regulators. In this paper, we will focus on evaluating the significance of communicating behavior expectations to the students earlier on in the course, or ideally in the very first session, and its impact on effective teaching and learning. The analysis is based on the review of literature, interviews, and on the results of a survey completed by the teachers of a UK-based FE institution.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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An Overview of the Incidents of Terrorism in the Europe
Hamza Abid
AbstractIn order to explore the root causes of terrorism in future this, paper records the instances of terrorism in different parts of the Europe. European Union comprises of several nations with entirely different set of issues in the context of terrorism. Although considering every nation individually would have been the ideal way to record the instances, in favor of space, we prefer studying Europe divided into different strategic blocks. This paper briefly discusses various recent instances of terrorism in Europe. We hope that a comprehensive picture emerges from this work about terrorism issues in Europe. This research will help us highlight the root causes of terrorism in future publications.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Cooperative Learning Approaches Affecting Student Academic Performance at University Level
Adina Shahzad, Amjad Reba, Laila
AbstractThis suggests studying of students cooperative learning affecting their academic performance at university level. The study explores the effect of cooperative learning on academic performance of students. The study was limited to only Department of Education University of Okara. Questionnaire comprising of 4 questions and liker scale was used in questionnaire. The collected data was then tabulated and analyzed through percentage method. Finding of the study shows that majority of the respondents agreed that role of cooperative learning plays an important role in their academic achievement and help to communicate with others. A significant number of students respondent agreed that cooperative learning develops the sense of sharing knowledge. It is recommended that the department could put more emphasis on promoting cooperative learning because it has been shown to have numerous benefits, including improvements in achievement, performance, and class participation.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Strategic Performance Management in South African Multinational Restaurants: Aligning Team Performance, Tools, and Techniques for Success
Azhar Khan
AbstractIn the context of South African multinational restaurant Nando’s, this paper explores aligning team performance with strategic goals and discusses a range of tools to establish performance targets and evaluates the utility of these tools in predicting and measuring future team performance. The paper specifically focuses on the aspects such as individual commitment, mentoring and coaching, and their importance in organisational success. The paper explores whether close monitoring of team actions enhances performance, and if assessment and using adaptable strategies play a role. The paper concludes with a discussion on influencing and persuading strategies and how individuals’ dynamics, their interests, and organizational politics impacts team commitment.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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An Insight into the Cultural History of Europe
Waseem Ahmed
AbstractEurope is a diverse region with heterogeneity in culture. In this paper we will discuss different aspects of culture including religion and beliefs, art and architecture, linguistics, and music in different eras of Europe. A comprehensive picture will emerge from this work about Europe from the earliest human in the continent to modernized Europe.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Professionalism: Understanding its Meaning and Impact in Relation to Effective Teaching and Learning
Asghar Hussain
AbstractThis paper will focus on elucidating what it means to be a modern professional in the teaching sector. It will discuss the notion of professionalism in light of changes in education and educational reform. Furthermore, it will highlight the importance of reflective practice, and as a consequence, the teachers will develop a clear understanding of their position within the educational sector as professional practitioners.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Critical Analysis of the Role of Media in Democracy in the Middle East
Imtiaz Khan
AbstractThe role of the media, and particularly social media, in the Arab Spring has been broadly debated in the scholarly world. The Arab Middle East, specifically, tends to be constructed in public disclosure as experiencing social, political and financial hardships, to legitimize military activity and development assistance. Moving toward the issue of media and democratization from another edge, we dissect and analyze the ways of journalistic understanding, which thusly direct to the transition process. 21st-century struggles for democracy occur in a media-saturated environment where the media's tenets of the game impact the crafting and working of political establishments. The venture will speculate the media's job, in political polarization in the contemporary Middle East and clarify how mechanisms we know about media influence the majority.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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A Hybrid Model for Usability of Mobile Applications
Rabia Afzal Minhas, Khola Rafique, Ali Javed, Muhammad Awais Azam
AbstractThe success of mobile applications depends upon its usability. Of all the non-functional requirements, usability dimension is the foremost requirement for mobile applications. The usability of mobile applications should be high so that users can interact with them easily. There have been many models proposed that help developers make mobile applications more usable. But they did not address all the issues. In our paper, we propose a framework which is hybrid of multiple models including ISO, Moe, Voelle, Nielsen Zhang, and PACMAD models. In this paper, we also introduce a novel feature “Waste-app” for efficient utilization of memory. It automatically cleans up cache and the apps that have been in use for a long time. The proposed methodology shows that inclusion of this new feature and the new hybrid model gives better results in usability aspects.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Analysis of the Role of Social Workers in Disaster Management
Yousaf Raheel
AbstractIn this paper we will discuss the role of social workers in helping out the people who suffered from disasters. It is evident that Social Workers have always been whole heartedly supporting the people as well as governmental organizations to combat challenges that occur immediately after any disaster such as hunger, lack of shelter homes, lack of blood donors, issues in accessing deserving people, distribution of food items, digging out the corpse, helping people recover from the loss and many more challenges. In this paper we will focus on four major disasters which resulted in a large number of causalities and the role of social workers in the recovery process.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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On Developing a Marketing Plan to Introduce Hair & Beauty Products
Yousaf Raheel
AbstractThis paper provides a marketing plan for a proposed Head & Shoulders Olive Oil Extracts shampoo brand. Internal and external market analysis has been provided using SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter 5 Force Model. A thorough marketing strategy has been provided though 4 Ps Marketing Mix model along with a detailed assessment of value to consumers as a consequence of the marketing strategy.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Efficient Data Aggregation Scheme in Secure Tree based Wireless Sensor Networks (EDAS)
Khalid Khan
AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as an important area of research from the last two decades. In WSNs, sensors have limited memory, computational capability and battery power. One of the solutions to these issues is to reduce the data transmission and today, various data aggregation protocols have been proposed to reduce network traffic. But they created security issues like authentication, data integrity and freshness. Hop-by-hop secure data aggregation protocols were proposed to provide security along with data aggregation function. But, data on the aggregators still need to be secured because aggregators are exposed to node compromises. End-to-end secure data aggregation protocols are proposed. They provide end-to-end security and privacy of data. One of these protocols is Secure End-to-End Data Aggregation (SEEDA), which ensured end-to-end privacy of data. However, the protocol has higher communication cost and computational overheads because it sends extra bits/data regarding non-responding nodes and performs unnecessary computations for non-responding nodes. I proposed new protocol, EDAS which reduces 12% to 25% communication and computational overheads as compared to SEEDA and it is also efficient in energy consumption.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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Comparative Analysis of the Emerging Wireless Network Technologies
Hamza Abid
AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of emerging wireless network technologies, focusing on 5G, Wi-Fi 6, and Wi-Fi 7. The study evaluates these technologies based on key performance metrics such as speed, latency, and capacity, as well as their real-world applications. By examining the technical specifications and practical implementations of each technology, this paper aims to offer insights into their implications for the future of wireless communication. The analysis highlights the advancements brought by each technology, their potential to meet the growing demand for high-speed connectivity, and their suitability for various applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial automation. The findings of this study are intended to guide stakeholders in making informed decisions about adopting and integrating these technologies into their networks.
Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks
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An Analysis of the Causes of Terrorism in Europe
Hamza Abid
AbstractThis paper discusses the major causes of terrorism in Europe. Terrorism is a complex set of phenomena. There are common root causes which result in the proliferation of violence in different parts of the world including Europe. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion about the role of right wing and left-wing extremism, and national, regional, and international terrorist groups, and the way they affect the peace in the region. The paper also discusses how the treatment of minorities and their suppression might lead to incidents of extremism and terrorism. The aspects of religious and political differences between the people living in the Europe, and how these differences make Europe more vulnerable are covered as well. Based on our previous study (Encinas, 2018), this paper divides Europe into 7 strategic blocks to help understand the terrorism in a regional perspective.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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Analysis of the Key Components of Supply Chain of a UK Retailer in the Context of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
Babar Zaman, Mohammad A Shahzad
AbstractThis paper is aimed at evaluation of the supply chain of Sainsbury’s, one of the leading UK retailers in context of delivery of fruits and vegetables. We will assess supply chain of Sainsbury’s in context of key components such as inventory, facilities, transportation, and warehousing technologies. We attempt to analyse how Sainsbury’s manages their supply chain function to ensure the effective and efficient flow of fresh fruit and vegetables into operation, to better serve customer and reduce costs. We will explore their practices and discuss how recent improvements in their supply chain have helped Sainsbury’s become a more efficient and cost-effective.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Evaluation of Employee Retention Strategies in Indian BPO Industry: IBM Case Study
Mehul Mehta
AbstractOver the past two decade the importance of the employee retention has grown. Most of the organisations understand that human resources are one of the primary factors for the organisational success and their growth. In the globalised world the competition between the organisations has increased and they are not going back to pay the price to acquire and retain the best talents in the market. Efficient and dedicated employees will drive the organisation towards goals. In the domain of human resource management, the employee retention is one of the topmost priorities related to the organisation’s performance.
The study explores the importance of the employee retention and how it affects the organisational performance. The study also investigates the strategies adopted by the IBM India. With the aid of valuable data, the study explores the link between retaining the best talents in the market and an increase in the organisational performance.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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An Analysis of the Causes and Impacts of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis
Mohammad A Shahzad
AbstractThis research evaluates the causes and consequences of the global financial crisis of 2008. The analysis indicates that the unrealistic assumptions were the major reason behind mispricing in the unregulated market causing credit default swaps which finally resulted in explosion of residential mortgage defaults. In the second half of the paper, we will discuss the consequences of this financial crisis and how it affected the global economy and resulted in unprecedented job losses.
Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management
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Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy: Launching a Beverage Product in South Asian Markets
Yousaf Raheel
AbstractThis paper provides an integrated marketing communication strategy for launching a beverage product in Pakistan. Context analyses conducted as part of this study include internal and external analysis, business analysis, stakeholder analysis, and customer analysis. In context of marketing communication strategy, this research includes SMART marketing communication objectives, a detailed discussion on considerations in developing marketing communication strategy, a comprehensive strategy to achieve marketing communication objectives, and discussion on the mechanism of controlling and evaluation of marketing communications plan. It is important to highlight that although in this work, a focus has been placed on the consumer market of Pakistan, due to socio-cultural and demographic similarities between the countries in South Asia, this strategy will prove equally effective in India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal and Bhutan.
Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research
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